Are an explicit finding of a long-term (20+ years) trend with a clear (direct or reasonably implied) negative impact on humans.
Connect this observation to warming, or related climatic trends. Effects from CO2 itself (e.g. ocean acidification) or other forms of pollution are excluded.
Are based primarily on observed, empirical evidence: no model simulations, predictions, or short-term experiments.
Are peer-reviewed studies from reputable journals, and focused in their scope.
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