Extreme Weather (Other) (11 Papers)

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Shortlist	Attribution	Region	SubCategory	Year	# Citations	Cite As	DOI	Key Quote
	Temporal	Global	Extratropical Cyclones	2002	96	(Paciorek et al., 2002)	https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015%3C...	Regional averages for large sectors of the hemisphere provide some evidence for increases in storm activity and forcing, but results vary by region and decade. The number of cyclones does not appear to be increasing, but there is evidence for an increase in intense cyclones.
	Temporal	Alaska	Storms Other	2012	34	(Stegall and Zhang, 2012)	https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00532.1	The frequency of extreme wind events (speed above the 95th percentile winds) shows an increasing trend in all months, with the greatest increase occurring in October, showing 8% more extreme wind events in 2009 comparing to 1979... The significant retreat of sea ice in the study area during the most recent decade (e.g., Comiso et al. 2008; Polyakov et al. 2012) most likely contributes to the strong increasing trend in both wind speeds and frequency of extreme wind events.
	Temporal	United States	Storms Other	2009	46	(Changnon, 2009)	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9597-z	The nation's top ten loss events during 1950-2006 reveal a notable temporal increase with most losses in the 1992-2006 period. Causes for the increases could be an increasing frequency of very unstable atmospheric conditions leading to bigger, longer lasting storms, and/or a greatly expanded urban society that has become increasingly vulnerable to hailstorms.
	Anthropogenic	United States	Thunderstorms	2013	45	(Sander et al., 2013)	https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-12-00023.1	Thunderstorm-related normalized economic and insured losses in the United States east of the Rockies from the period 1970-2009 (March-September) exhibit higher peaks and greater variability in the last two decades than in the preceding two decades...from these findings, we conclude that it is predominantly the change in hazard over time--rather than the change in destructible wealth or vulnerability--that has driven up normalized losses...a high probability is assigned to climatic variations primarily driving the changes in normalized losses since 1970...it was demonstrated that the findings presented are consistent with the expected effects of anthropogenic climate change.
	Temporal	United States	Tornadoes	2016	65	(Tippett et al., 2016)	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah7393	Using extreme value analysis, we find that the frequency of U.S. outbreaks with many tornadoes is increasing and that it is increasing faster for more extreme outbreaks...the estimated number of tornadoes in the 5-year most extreme outbreak roughly doubles from 40 in 1965 to nearly 80 in 2015.
	Anthropogenic	Australia	Coastal Inundation	2020	17	(Hague et al., 2020)	https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001607	Using a large coastal city as an example, we show that in Sydney, Australia, frequencies of minor coastal inundation have increased from 1.6 to 7.8 days per year between 1914 and present day. We attribute over 80% of the observed coastal inundation events between 1970 and 2015 to the predominantly anthropogenic increases in global mean sea level.
	Warming	Canada	Lightning	2017	204	(Veraverbeke et al., 2017)	https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3329	We find that lightning ignitions have increased since 1975...lightning ignition explained more than 55% of the interannual variability in burned area, and was correlated with temperature and precipitation
	Warming	India	Lightning	2021	11	(Chakraborty et al., 2021)	https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11161-2021	An increase in surface temperatures has led to enhanced instability and, hence, stronger moisture transport to the upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere regions, especially along the coasts....in total, India has faced a 25% increase in lightning frequency (with very high correlation values) in these 17 years (1998-2014).
	Temporal	Global	Extratropical Cyclones	2016	38	(Chang & Yau, 2016)	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2911-8	Between 1959 and 2010, Pacific storm track activity has likely increased by 10 % or more, while Atlantic storm track activity has likely increased by <10 %
	Temporal	Global	Extratropical Cyclones	2016	45	(Wang X. L. et al., 2016)	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.01...	All the four datasets that cover the period 1958-2010 agree well in terms of trend direction and interannual variability in hemispheric counts of deep-cyclones, showing a general increase in both hemispheres over the past half century.
	Warming	United Kingdom	Storm Surge	2022	9	(Calafat et al., 2022)	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04426-5	Sea-level rise has been a considerable driver of trends in sea-level extremes since at least 1960...trends in surge extremes and sea-level rise both made comparable contributions to the overall change in extreme sea levels in Europe since 1960.